PATH (Port Authority Trans-Hudson), originally known as the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad (H&M), predates the original line of the NYC Subway. First planned in 1874, existing technologies could not safely tunnel under the Hudson River. Construction began on the existing tunnels in 1890, but stopped shortly thereafter when funding ran out. Construction did not resume until 1900 under the direction of William Gibbs McAdoo.
Opened in 1907, the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad tunnels were designed to link three of the major railroad terminals on the Hudson River in New Jersey—the Lackawanna in Hoboken, the Erie and PRR in Jersey City—with New York City. Two sets of tunnels connected commuters to the business centers in lower Manhattan and midtown Manhattan along 6th Ave. As the H&M was opened only 3 years after the original subway extensions were planned from 33rd St to Grand Central (original plans for Grand Central Terminal show space for a never built H&M station) and from 9th St to Astor Pl.
The H&M was only successful for a short 20 years as Pennsylvania Station opened in midtown in 1910 and the Holland Tunnel opened in 1927, diverting rail traffic from New Jersey terminals and then by commuters who chose to drive. Two original stations at 19th St and 28th St were closed to speed up service. By the 1950s the railroad was in bankruptcy but continued to operate. In 1961 the Port Authority was tapped to construct a new World Trade Center in lower Manhattan. In a deal with the states of New York and New Jersey the Port Authority agreed to take over the railroad and moved the location of the new WTC to the Hudson Terminal of the H&M in lower Manhattan. The Port Authority upgraded the system and changed the name to PATH.
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